Which of the following technologies allows real-time communication over the Internet, such as voice and video calls, without requiring additional software or hardware beyond a web browser?

Correct option is A

WebRTC (Web Real-Time Communication) is an open-source technology that enables real-time audio, video, and data sharing directly between web browsers without the need for any plug-ins or third-party software. It supports peer-to-peer communication and is commonly used in video conferencing, chat apps, and live streaming services.
Important Key Points:
1. WebRTC works directly within modern browsers like Chrome, Firefox, Safari, and Edge.
2. It uses JavaScript APIs to enable features like video calls and file sharing.
3. Supports technologies like UDP, SRTP, and ICE to ensure low-latency, secure communication.
4. WebRTC applications are platform-independent and work seamlessly across devices.
5. It is increasingly used in services like Google Meet, Discord, and WhatsApp Web.
Knowledge Booster:
· Email is not a real-time communication tool; it is store-and-forward-based.
· VoIP (like Skype or Zoom) provides real-time communication but requires dedicated apps.
· FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is for transferring files between systems, not for communication.