Correct option is C
Option (a) is correct: The Supreme Court of India legalized passive euthanasia in 2018 through the landmark case Common Cause vs Union of India. This ruling allows withdrawal of life support for patients in a permanent vegetative state or with terminal illness.
Option (b) is correct: The 2018 ruling on passive euthanasia mandates that patients express their wish to withdraw life support through an advance directive or "living will".
Option (c) is incorrect: The case linked to passive euthanasia in India is Aruna Shanbaug vs Union of India (2011), not Pinki Virani. Pinki Virani, a journalist, had petitioned the court on behalf of Aruna Shanbaug, but the final legal ruling in 2018 came from a different case.
Option (d) is correct: Passive euthanasia is permitted for patients who are terminally ill or in a vegetative state, as outlined by the Supreme Court.
