Which of the following statements are true about hypotheses?

A. A good hypothesis is based on sound reasoning that is consistent with theory or previous research.

B. A deductive hypothesis is a generalization based on specific observations.

C. 'Tenth grade biology students who are instructed using interactive multimedia achieve at a higher level than those who receive regular instruction only' is an example of a non-directional hypothesis.

D. Qualitative researchers may develop a guiding hypothesis for the proposed research.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct option is D

A. A good hypothesis must be based on sound reasoning and be consistent with existing theories or previous research, which is true.

D. In qualitative research, although hypotheses might not be as rigidly developed as in quantitative research, qualitative researchers may still develop a guiding hypothesis or research questions to shape their inquiry.

B. A deductive hypothesis is not necessarily based on generalization from specific observations. Instead, it starts with a general theory or idea and makes predictions that can be tested through specific observations.

C. A non-directional hypothesis suggests there is a relationship between two variables, but it does not predict the specific direction of that relationship, which does not align with the given example. The example is actually directional because it implies one method leads to better results.

Information Booster:
A deductive hypothesis originates from a theory or a general principle and is tested by collecting specific data. In contrast, an inductive hypothesis is formed by observations that lead to generalizations.

Additional Knowledge:
In qualitative research, the hypothesis might be more flexible and focus on exploring new ideas or themes, whereas in quantitative research, a hypothesis is typically predictive and is tested using statistical methods to confirm or disprove it.