Which of the following statements are incorrect?

A. Thorndike’s theory is an atomistic theory of intelligence.

B. Evaluation is the primary mental process, which means retention of what is recognized.

C. Group of specific abilities known as ‘S’ factor is a universal inborn ability.

D. According to Faculty theory of intelligence, the mind is made up of different faculties like reasoning, memory, discriminations, and imagination, etc.

E. Structure of Intellect Model of Intelligence was given by Spearman.

codes:

Correct option is B

The incorrect statements are:
· (B): Evaluation is not a mental process that refers to retention. Retention refers to memory, while evaluation is a higher-order thinking process involving judgment about the value or effectiveness of something.
· (C): The ‘S’ factor refers to specific abilities in Spearman’s theory of intelligence. It is not a universal inborn ability, but rather a set of specific abilities unique to each individual.
· (E): The Structure of Intellect model of intelligence was developed by J.P. Guilford, not Spearman. Spearman is known for his two-factor theory of intelligence (g-factor and s-factor).
Information Booster:
1. Thorndike’s Theory: His theory is based on connectionism, not atomistic intelligence. He emphasized the idea that learning happens through the formation of connections or associations between stimuli and responses.
2. Retention: Refers to the process of maintaining information over time, related to memory.
3. Spearman’s Two-Factor Theory: He introduced the concept of the 'g' (general) factor and 's' (specific) factors in intelligence.
Additional Knowledge:
· (A): Thorndike’s theory of intelligence is connectionist, not atomistic. He argued that intelligence consists of multiple connections between stimulus-response units.
· (D): Faculty theory is a historically outdated theory that views the mind as compartmentalized into different faculties like memory, reasoning, and discrimination.
Key Points:
1. Evaluation is a higher cognitive process, not a memory process.
2. Spearman distinguished between general intelligence (g-factor) and specific abilities (s-factor), and these are not inborn universal abilities.
3. J.P. Guilford developed the Structure of Intellect model, which proposed that intelligence is a multidimensional construct.