Which of the following rocks is formed by the cooling and crystallization of magma?

Correct option is A

The correct answer is (A) Granite.

Explanation:

• Granite is an igneous rock formed by the cooling and crystallization of magma beneath the Earth's surface. It is a coarse-grained rock composed primarily of quartz, feldspar, and mica.

• Granite forms when magma cools slowly beneath the Earth's surface, allowing large crystals to form. This process of cooling and crystallization results in the formation of solid rock.

Information Booster:

• Igneous rocks are classified into two types: intrusive (plutonic) and extrusive (volcanic). Granite is an intrusive igneous rock, meaning it forms inside the Earth.

• Chalk (Option B) is a sedimentary rock made primarily of calcium carbonate (from the remains of marine organisms) and is not formed by magma.

• Coal (Option C) is a sedimentary rock formed from the accumulation and compaction of plant material, not from magma.

• Shell (Option D) refers to the hard outer covering of marine organisms and can form part of a sedimentary rock, but it is not formed from the cooling of magma.

Additional Information:

• Granite is widely used in construction and sculpture due to its strength and durability.

• Other examples of igneous rocks include basalt, obsidian, and pumice.