Which of the following proteins has a non-protein substance along with amino acids?

Correct option is B

Conjugated proteins are a type of protein that contains both protein molecules and non-protein substances, also known as prosthetic groups. These non-protein components can be carbohydrate, lipid, phosphate, or metal ions, among others. These substances are covalently attached to the protein molecule and are essential for the protein's biological activity. Hemoglobin is a classic example of a conjugated protein, as it contains a heme group (a non-protein substance) that is crucial for oxygen binding.
Information Booster: Conjugated proteins are distinct from simple proteins, which consist only of amino acids and do not contain any non-protein components. Examples of simple proteins include albumin and globulins. The non-protein part of a conjugated protein can vary depending on the function of the protein. For example, enzymes that require cofactors or prosthetic groups to carry out their biological functions are considered conjugated proteins. The prosthetic group can be essential for the enzyme’s activity, as in the case of iron in hemoglobin, which is required for oxygen transport.
Additional Knowledge:
· Simple Proteins: These proteins consist solely of amino acids and do not have any non-protein substances. They include albumins, globulins, and histones, which are typically found in tissues and body fluids and play structural, transport, and defense roles.
· Complete Proteins: Complete proteins contain all nine essential amino acids required by the human body. They are found in animal-based food sources such as meat, dairy, eggs, and fish. These are vital for growth, maintenance, and repair of tissues.
· Incomplete Proteins: These proteins lack one or more essential amino acids and are typically found in plant-based sources such as legumes, grains, and nuts. When combined with other protein sources, they can form a complete protein.