Which of the following options refers to the layout arrangement of different devices in a network?

Correct option is D

· Network topology: Network topology refers to the physical or logical arrangement of nodes (devices) in a network. Examples include star topology, ring topology, and mesh topology. The topology determines how devices are connected and how data is transmitted within the network.
· Open systems: An open system is a system that interacts with other systems, typically through network connections, but it does not describe the physical or logical arrangement of devices in a network.
· Transmission mode: Transmission mode refers to the way data is transmitted over a network, such as simplex (one-way communication), half-duplex (two-way communication, but not simultaneously), and full-duplex (two-way communication simultaneously). It does not refer to the arrangement of devices.
· Closed systems: A closed system is isolated from external interactions, but this term does not describe the network layout.