Which of the following movements was started by M. K. Gandhi?

Correct option is D

Mahatma Gandhi was the key leader and initiator of the Quit India Movement (1942) and the Non-Cooperation Movement (1920–1922). These movements were pivotal in India's freedom struggle and showcased Gandhi’s strategies of non-violent resistance (Ahimsa) and civil disobedience.
1. Quit India Movement (1942):
· Launched during World War II on 8th August 1942 at the Bombay session of the All India Congress Committee, Gandhi called for the British to leave India immediately.
· His slogan, “Do or Die ”, became the rallying cry for Indians.
· The movement saw widespread protests, boycotts, and the imprisonment of Congress leaders.
2. Non-Cooperation Movement (1920–1922):
· Initiated by Gandhi to protest against the Rowlatt Act, Jallianwala Bagh massacre, and the oppressive British rule.
· It included the boycott of British goods, titles, and institutions, and promoted the use of Swadeshi goods.
· Although it ended prematurely after the Chauri Chaura incident, it marked the first large-scale participation of Indians in the independence movement.
3. Swadeshi Movement (1905):
· The Swadeshi Movement began during the Partition of Bengal (1905) and was not started by Gandhi. It focused on the boycott of British goods and the promotion of indigenous industries.
Information Booster
1. Quit India Movement:
· Year: 1942.
· Key Slogan: “Do or Die.”
· Demand: Immediate British withdrawal.
· Outcome: Intensified the independence struggle and demonstrated India's ungovernability.
2. Non-Cooperation Movement:
· Year: 1920.
· Aim: Boycott British rule and demand Swaraj.
· Key Actions: Boycott of British goods, schools, and titles.
3. Swadeshi Movement:
· Year: 1905.
· Context: Partition of Bengal.
· Aim: Promote Indian goods and industries, boycott British products.
4. Significance of Gandhi’s Movements:
· Gandhi emphasized non-violence and mass participation, mobilizing millions of Indians.
· His movements focused on self-reliance and collective action.
Additional Knowledge
Quit India Movement
· Initiated by Gandhi with the "Do or Die" call in 1942.
Non-Cooperation Movement
· Started by Gandhi in 1920 to protest against British policies and atrocities.
Swadeshi Movement
· Predated Gandhi’s leadership and was initiated during the Bengal Partition in 1905.