Which of the following is not correct regarding Relative Deprivation Theory ?

1. Relative deprivation is defined as actors’ perception of discrepancy between their value expectations and their environment’s apparent valuecapabilities.

2. Relative deprivation model describes the situation where the expectations are stable but capabilities decline.

3. Relative deprivation is a necessary but not a sufficient condition for protest movements.

Correct option is B

The Relative Deprivation Theory explains how social discontent arises when people perceive a gap between their expectations and reality. This theory is often used to understand social movements, protests, and revolutions.

Analysis of Statements:
1. "Relative deprivation is defined as actors’ perception of discrepancy between their value expectations and their environment’s apparent value capabilities."  (Correct Statement)
This definition correctly captures the concept of relative deprivation, as developed by Ted Gurr in his book Why Men Rebel (1970).
It explains that people compare their expectations (what they believe they deserve) with their actual conditions (what they have), leading to frustration and possible political action.

2. "Relative deprivation model describes the situation where the expectations are stable but capabilities decline."  (Incorrect Statement)
The relative deprivation model is not solely about declining capabilities. Instead, it focuses on the discrepancy between what people expect and what they perceive they have.
Capabilities may remain the same or even increase, but if expectations grow at a faster rate, it can still lead to relative deprivation.
Example: The Arab Spring (2011) was driven by rising expectations for democracy and better living conditions, even though absolute poverty was not necessarily increasing.

3. "Relative deprivation is a necessary but not a sufficient condition for protest movements."  (Correct Statement)
Relative deprivation is a necessary factor for protests, but it alone does not guarantee that a movement will take place.
Other factors like political opportunity, leadership, and mobilization structures are also required for collective action.
Example: Many economically deprived societies do not see large-scale protests unless political and organizational factors align.