Correct option is C
The correct answer is (c) Iodine
Explanation:
Iodine is a vital trace element required by the thyroid gland to synthesize its hormones, primarily thyroxine (
$T_4$) and triiodothyronine ( $T_3$). These hormones play a critical role in regulating the body's Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) and controlling the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
If the diet is deficient in iodine, the thyroid gland cannot produce sufficient hormones, which leads to the enlargement of the gland, a condition known as Goitre.
In children, severe iodine deficiency during pregnancy can lead to stunted growth and mental retardation, a condition called Cretinism.
According to NCERT Class 10 and 11 Biology, iodised salt is recommended in the diet as a simple way to ensure adequate iodine intake.
Information Booster:
The production of thyroid hormones is regulated by the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) secreted by the pituitary gland.
Seaweed, seafood, and dairy products are naturally rich sources of iodine, though "iodized salt" is the most common source globally.
Additional Knowledge:
Sodium (Option a)
Sodium is essential for maintaining fluid balance and the conduction of nerve impulses.
While it is often consumed as sodium chloride (salt) alongside iodine, it does not directly participate in thyroid hormone synthesis.
Calcium (Option b)
Calcium is necessary for the formation of bones and teeth, blood clotting, and muscle contraction.
Its levels in the blood are regulated by the parathyroid glands (located behind the thyroid) and the hormone calcitonin.
Potassium (Option d)
Potassium is an electrolyte that helps maintain normal cell function, particularly in the heart and nervous system.
It works in tandem with sodium but is not a raw material for thyroid hormones.
English
10 Questions
10 Marks
5 Mins
