Which of the following is/are called biological catalysts?

Correct option is B

• Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up the rate of chemical reactions in biological systems. They are proteins that facilitate various biochemical reactions without being consumed in the process. Enzymes are crucial for processes like digestion, metabolism, and cellular functions.
• They work by lowering the activation energy required for reactions, allowing them to proceed more efficiently.

• Digestive enzymes, such as amylase, lipase, and protease, help break down food into simpler molecules, facilitating digestion.

• Enzyme action involves the formation of an enzyme-substrate complex, which enables the reaction to occur at a faster rate.

• Enzymes are regulated by factors such as temperature, pH, and the concentration of substrate and enzyme.

• Digestive juices are secretions produced by the digestive system that help break down food into simpler molecules.

• They are produced by various organs such as the salivary glands, stomach, pancreas, and liver.

 Hydrochloric Acid (HCl):

• Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is secreted by the parietal cells of the stomach.

• It helps activate digestive enzymes (like pepsinogen into pepsin) and creates an acidic environment that facilitates the breakdown of food.

 Mucus:

• Mucus is secreted by the mucous cells in the stomach lining and other parts of the digestive tract.

• It acts as a protective barrier to shield the stomach lining from the corrosive effects of hydrochloric acid and digestive enzymes.