Which of the following is an indirect method of soil moisture estimation?

Correct option is B

Indirect methods include:
· TDR – Time Domain Reflectometry
· ADR – Amplitude Domain Reflectometry
· Neutron probe, Capacitance meter
These measure dielectric constant / hydrogen index.
Why other options are wrong
· (a) Gravimetric = direct.
· (c) Oven drying = direct standard method.
· (d) Pressure plate measures retention, not moisture content in field.