Which of the following is a condition that occurs in computer systems when the system spends more time in swapping data between RAM and the hard drive than executing actual tasks?

Correct option is B

Thrashing is a condition that occurs in computer systems when excessive paging or swapping of data between RAM and the hard drive reduces overall performance. This happens when the system does not have enough physical memory, causing it to constantly move data between the disk and RAM.
Important Key Points:
1. Definition of Thrashing:
· Occurs in virtual memory systems when the working set (active data) exceeds the physical memory capacity.
· Leads to frequent page faults and excessive disk I/O, slowing down the system significantly.
2. Causes of Thrashing:
· Insufficient physical memory.
· Poor memory management.
· Running too many large processes simultaneously.
Knowledge Booster:
· Deadlock: A condition where two or more processes are waiting indefinitely for each other to release resources.
· Starvation: A condition where a process is indefinitely delayed because higher-priority processes keep executing.
· Fragmentation: Occurs when memory is inefficiently utilized due to gaps between allocated memory blocks.
· Bottleneck: A performance issue where one part of the system limits the overall system throughput.