Which of the following electronic technologies is the key technology for making the fourth generation electronic computer ?

Correct option is D

The fourth-generation electronic computers are based on microprocessor technology, which integrates the CPU on a single chip. This technology allowed computers to become compact, powerful, and affordable, ushering in the era of personal computing. This key innovation aligns directly with the characteristics of fourth-generation computers, as asked in the question.
Information Booster 1. Microprocessor Technology:
· A microprocessor is an integrated circuit that contains all the functions of a central processing unit (CPU).
· First developed in the early 1970s, with Intel 4004 being the first microprocessor (1971).
· Allowed integration of control, processing, and arithmetic functions on a single chip.
2. Impact on Fourth-Generation Computers:
· Miniaturization: Reduced the size of computers drastically.
· Cost Reduction: Made computers affordable, leading to the mass adoption of personal computers.
· Improved Speed and Efficiency: Allowed faster data processing and multitasking.
· Portability: Enabled the development of portable devices such as laptops and handheld devices.
3. Examples of Fourth-Generation Computers:
· IBM Personal Computer (PC).
· Apple II.
4. Revolution in Usage:
· Shift from institutional use to personal and business applications.
· Enhanced applications in areas like gaming, education, and enterprise computing.
Additional Knowledge · Transistor Technology:
· Used in the second generation of computers.
· Replaced vacuum tubes, offering increased reliability and reduced size.
· Integrated Circuit (IC) Technology:
· Formed the core of third-generation computers.
· ICs enabled faster and more reliable systems, but without the compactness of microprocessors.
· Vacuum Tube Technology:
· Central to first-generation computers.
· Large, power-hungry, and prone to frequent failures.