Which of the following does not constitute a recognized principle of agricultural extension education in India as per MANAGE?

Correct option is D

Correct Answer: (D) Principle of centralized planning

Explanation:

The recognized principles of agricultural extension education in India (as followed by MANAGE) are based on farmer-centric, participatory, and need-based approaches, not rigid top-down control.

Valid principles include:

Principle of interest and needs → Programs must be based on farmers’ actual needs

Principle of learning by doing → Practical, hands-on learning is emphasized

Principle of participation → Farmers actively participate in planning and implementation

Incorrect principle:

Principle of centralized planning → This is not recognized, because extension focuses on decentralized, bottom-up planning, encouraging local involvement rather than top-down decisions