Which of the following does not come under the purview of Civil Case ? 

Correct option is C

Civil cases involve disputes between individuals, organizations, or the government that typically seek compensation or specific legal remedies, rather than punishment. Robbery, however, is a criminal offense, as it involves violence or force against an individual, making it a crime against society rather than a private dispute.

Why is Robbery Not a Civil Case ?

• Robbery is a criminal offense under Section 390 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC).
• It involves the use of force, violence, or intimidation to steal property, making it a public offense against the law.
• Criminal cases are prosecuted by the state, whereas civil cases involve private disputes seeking compensation.
• Robbery results in punishment like imprisonment or fines, whereas civil cases typically result in financial settlements or legal resolutions.

Information Booster:-

Civil Case

Definition:
A civil case involves disputes between individuals, organizations, or entities where one party seeks compensation or legal remedies rather than punishment.

Purpose:
The objective is to resolve disputes and provide compensation to the affected party.

Examples of Civil Cases:

• Family disputes (e.g., Divorce, Child Custody, Alimony)
• Property disputes (e.g., Land ownership, Inheritance issues)
• Breach of contract (e.g., One party fails to fulfill an agreement)
• Consumer complaints (e.g., Faulty products, Defective services)
• Defamation cases (e.g., Reputation damage due to false statements)

Punishment & Outcome:

• The guilty party is usually asked to pay fines, compensate the victim, or perform legal obligations.
• No imprisonment is given in civil cases.

Court Procedure:

• The case is filed by an individual or entity (plaintiff) against another individual/entity (defendant).
• The decision is based on "preponderance of evidence", meaning the party with stronger evidence wins.

Relevant Laws:

• Indian Contract Act, 1872 (for contract disputes)
• Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 (for divorce cases)
• Transfer of Property Act, 1882 (for property disputes)
• Consumer Protection Act, 2019 (for consumer complaints)

 Criminal Case

Definition:
A criminal case deals with offenses against society or the state, where an individual violates laws that protect public order and safety.

Purpose:
The goal is to punish the offender, maintain law and order, and prevent crimes.

Examples of Criminal Cases:

• Murder (IPC Section 302)
• Robbery and Theft (IPC Section 390, 378)
• Rape (IPC Section 375, 376)
• Kidnapping (IPC Section 363-369)
• Fraud and Corruption
• Cybercrime (IT Act, 2000)

Punishment & Outcome:

• Criminal cases result in imprisonment, fines, or even the death penalty, depending on the severity of the crime.
• The accused can be arrested and put on trial.

Court Procedure:

• The case is filed by the State (Government) through the Police or Public Prosecutor.
• The accused is considered innocent until proven guilty.
• The decision is based on "proof beyond a reasonable doubt", meaning the prosecution must prove the crime 100%.

Relevant Laws:

• Indian Penal Code (IPC), 1860
• Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC), 1973
• Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988