​Which of the following doctrines evolved by the Indian judiciary acts as a specific limitation on the powers of the Parliament to amend the Constitution?

Correct option is B

The correct answer is (b) The Basic Structure Doctrine

Explanation:
• The Basic Structure Doctrine was established by the Supreme Court in the Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (1973) case.
• It limits the Parliament’s power to amend the Constitution under Article 368.
• According to this doctrine, Parliament cannot alter the basic framework or essential features of the Constitution.

Information Booster:
• Key elements of the basic structure include sovereignty, democracy, secularism, rule of law, and judicial review.
• The doctrine ensures checks and balances between different organs of government.
• It protects the spirit of the Constitution from excessive amendments.
• First hinted in the Golaknath case (1967) and fully evolved in 1973.
• Reinforced in later cases like Indira Gandhi v. Raj Narain (1975) and Minerva Mills (1980).