Correct option is C
The correct answer is (c).
(c) R. vs. Dudley and Stephens is related to the defense of necessity. This case involved a situation where necessity was argued as a defense to charges of murder after the defendants resorted to cannibalism to survive. Although the court ultimately rejected the necessity defense, the case is a significant example of its application.
(a) Case of McNaughten is related to the defense of insanity, not necessity. It established the McNaughten Rules for determining criminal responsibility based on mental illness.
(b) D.P.P. vs. Beard involves the defense of intoxication, not necessity. The case explored whether voluntary intoxication could be used as a defense for criminal acts.
(d) R. vs. Lipman pertains to the defense of automatism, where the defendant claimed to have been in an unconscious state due to drug intoxication, and not the defense of necessity.
