Which of the following can be regarded as element of weather and climate?
I. Temperature
II. Precipitation

Correct option is C

The correct answer is (c) Both I and II

Explanation:

Weather refers to the atmospheric conditions at a specific place and time, while climate refers to the long-term average of weather conditions in a region over an extended period (usually 30 years or more).

• Temperature is a key element of both weather and climate, as it affects atmospheric conditions at any given time (weather) and also contributes to the long-term patterns of the region (climate).
• Precipitation refers to all forms of water, liquid or solid, that falls from the atmosphere, including rain, snow, sleet, and hail. This is also an important element of both weather (affecting conditions at a given time) and climate (affecting long-term regional patterns).

Since both temperature and precipitation are essential elements for understanding both weather and climate, the correct answer is both I and II.

Information Booster:

Elements of Weather and Climate

1. Temperature:
• Measurement of kinetic energy in the air (heat or cold).
• Measured in Celsius, Fahrenheit, or Kelvin using a thermometer.
• Higher temperature: particles move faster; lower temperature: particles slow down.
2. Air Pressure:
• Result of the weight of the air in the atmosphere.
• Measured by a barometer.
• Air pressure decreases with altitude.
3. Wind (Speed & Direction):
• Movement of air from high to low-pressure areas.
• Major driver of weather events like cold fronts, storms, and hurricanes.
• Anemometer measures wind speed, wind vane measures wind direction.
4. Humidity:
• Amount of water vapor in the atmosphere.
• Can be felt but is invisible.
• Measured by a hygrometer.
5. Precipitation:
• Water in various states (rain, snow, hail) that falls after condensation.
• Measured by a rain gauge.
6. Visibility:
• Degree of clarity over a distance, affected by fog, mist, or haze.
• Important for aviation and maritime safety.
• Measured by visibility sensors like the forward scatter sensor.
7. Clouds (Type & Cover):
• Water droplets or ice crystals formed from water vapor.
• Studied using weather satellites and radars to measure cloud density, moisture, temperature, and movement.
8. Sunshine Duration:
• Time the Earth's surface is exposed to solar radiation (sunlight hours).
• Measured by Campbell-Stokes recorders.