Which of the following books are NOT written by Confucius?

A. Books of Changes
B. Books of Animals
C. Books of Songs
D. Books of Summers and Winters

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct option is B

The Books of Animals and Books of Summers and Winters are NOT associated with Confucius. Confucius is traditionally credited with compiling or editing key texts in Chinese philosophy, particularly the Five Classics, which include works like the Book of Changes (I Ching) and the Book of Songs. However, there is no evidence of him writing texts like Books of Animals or Books of Summers and Winters.

1. Confucius and the Five Classics:
   • Confucius is attributed with editing and preserving ancient Chinese texts, including:
     • Book of Changes (I Ching): A divination text.
     • Book of Songs: A collection of ancient poetry.
   • These works form the foundation of Confucian philosophy.
2. Books Not Written by Confucius:
   • Books of Animals and Books of Summers and Winters are not part of the Confucian canon or associated with his teachings.

Information Booster:

• The Five Classics are:

  1. Classic of Poetry (Shijing or Book of Songs).
  2. Book of Documents (Shujing).
  3. Book of Changes (I Ching).
  4. Book of Rites (Liji).
  5. Spring and Autumn Annals (Chunqiu).

• Confucius's philosophy emphasized moral ethics, proper governance, and societal harmony, rather than zoological or seasonal studies.

Additional Information:

• (A) Books of Changes: Part of the Five Classics; focuses on divination and metaphysics.
• (B) Books of Animals: Not related to Confucian teachings; Confucius did not engage in zoological studies.
• (C) Books of Songs: Included in the Five Classics, containing poetry reflecting social and moral themes.
• (D) Books of Summers and Winters: This title does not appear in Chinese classical literature or Confucian texts.