Which of the following arguments is fallacious because of the middle term being too narrow?

Correct option is B

The argument “Sound is eternal, because it is audible” is fallacious due to the middle term being too narrow.
In this argument:
· Middle term: "Audible"
· Major term: "Eternal"
· Minor term: "Sound"
The fallacy occurs because audibility (the middle term) is too narrow to logically establish that "sound is eternal." Just because something is audible does not imply it is eternal, as audibility applies to many things (like spoken words) that are not eternal.
Information Booster:
· (a) All things are non-eternal because they are knowable: The middle term "knowable" is broad enough to encompass all things that are non-eternal.
· (c) Fire is cold because it is substance: This is a fallacious argument, but not due to a narrow middle term. The middle term "substance" is overly broad, not narrow.
· (d) Wherever there is fire, there is smoke: This argument does not commit the fallacy of a narrow middle term. Fire generally produces smoke, and the middle term "fire" appropriately connects the concepts.
Additional Knowledge:
1. In syllogistic reasoning, the middle term must be broad enough to establish a logical connection between the major and minor terms.
2. A narrow middle term fails to cover the scope required to link the major and minor terms, leading to a logical fallacy.