Which of the following are essential components of industrial smog?

(A) Sulphur Dioxide (SO₂)
(B) Particulate matters
(C) Fly ash
(D) Soot

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct option is D

Industrial smog, commonly associated with "London-type smog", is a type of air pollution that results from the burning of coal and other industrial activities. The key components of industrial smog include:

1. Sulphur Dioxide (SO₂): This is one of the primary pollutants responsible for industrial smog. When sulfur-containing fuels, such as coal, are burned, SO₂ is released into the atmosphere. It then combines with moisture in the air to form sulfuric acid, contributing to the acidity and haziness of the smog.

2. Particulate matter: These are tiny particles, including dust, soot, and other particulate pollutants, which can enter the lungs and cause significant health problems. They are often generated by industrial processes, combustion, and fossil fuel burning.

3. Fly ash: This is the fine particulate matter that results from the combustion of coal and other fossil fuels. Fly ash can become a significant component of industrial smog, adding to the overall pollution and haze.

4. Soot: Soot, another type of particulate matter, is composed of fine black carbon particles that are produced by incomplete combustion of fuels like coal. This is a key component of industrial smog, contributing to its characteristic dark, thick appearance.

Thus, all of these components—SO₂, particulate matter, fly ash, and soot—are integral to the formation of industrial smog, which is why the correct answer is (d) (A), (B), (C) and (D).

Information Booster:

1. Sulphur Dioxide (SO₂) plays a significant role in the formation of acid rain, which damages both the environment and buildings.

2. Particulate matter can be made up of different substances, including soot, dust, and smoke, which reduce air quality and visibility.

3. Fly ash, which consists of fine particles from burning coal, contributes to air pollution and is harmful when inhaled.

4. Soot, primarily composed of carbon particles, is generated by incomplete combustion and is a major component of industrial smog.

5. Industrial smog is particularly dangerous in areas where coal is the primary source of energy, leading to severe health problems like respiratory diseases.

6. To reduce industrial smog, emission controls on industrial plants and the adoption of clean energy sources are essential.