Which network topology requires a central controller or hub?

Correct option is A

In a Star topology, all devices are connected to a central controller or hub. The hub acts as a central point of communication, managing and directing data between the connected nodes. If the hub fails, the entire network becomes inoperative. This topology is commonly used due to its simplicity and ease of troubleshooting.
Important Key Points:
1. Star Topology - In a Star topology, all nodes (computers or devices) are connected to a central hub or switch. Data is transmitted through the hub, making it the central point of failure.
2. Central Controller - The hub or switch acts as the central device that facilitates communication between nodes.
Knowledge Booster:
• Mesh Topology: In a Mesh topology, each node is connected to every other node, creating a highly resilient network without a central hub. It does not require a central controller.
• Ring Topology: In a Ring topology, each node is connected to exactly two other nodes, forming a circular data path. Communication happens sequentially, and there is no central controller.
• Bus Topology: In a Bus topology, all devices are connected to a single central cable (the bus). There is no central controller or hub; instead, devices communicate over the common bus.