Which is not a method of field drainage?

Correct option is D

The correct answer is (D) Irrigation management transfer and participatory irrigation management

Explanation:
• Field drainage refers to the removal of excess water from the soil surface or the root zone of crops to create a favorable environment for plant growth. It is primarily a physical engineering and land management process.
• Common surface drainage methods include land smoothening, land leveling, and the bedding system, which facilitate the flow of water towards drainage outlets.
• Sub-surface drainage often involves open ditches, tile drains, or pipe drains to lower the water table.
• Irrigation Management Transfer (IMT) and Participatory Irrigation Management (PIM) are administrative and institutional reforms. They involve the transfer of responsibility for managing irrigation systems from the government to water user associations (WUAs).
• Therefore, while IMT and PIM improve overall water efficiency, they are not technical methods of field drainage.

Information Booster:
• Proper drainage prevents soil salinization and waterlogging, which can otherwise lead to root asphyxiation.
• The 'bedding system' is specifically used in flat lands with low permeability soils where parallel dead furrows are used to drain water.

Additional Knowledge:
• Land farming and smoothening (Option A): These involve eliminating minor depressions and ridges on the field surface to ensure uniform water flow.
• Land leveling (Option B): The process of modifying the surface of the field to a planned grade to provide better water distribution and drainage.
• Open ditches (Option C): These are shallow or deep channels dug to collect and transport excess surface and sub-surface water away from the crop area.