Which ecologist showed in a long-term experiment on outdoor plots that biodiversity is of central importance to the productivity, stability, resistance to the invasion of ecosystems and fertility of their soils?

Correct option is B

The correct answer is (b) David Tilman
The ecologist who demonstrated the importance of biodiversity to ecosystem productivity, stability, resistance to invasion, and soil fertility through long-term experiments on outdoor plots is David Tilman. He conducted extensive research that clearly showed how higher biodiversity leads to greater ecological stability and productivity. His experiments, notably those at Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve in Minnesota, have been influential in the field of ecology.