Correct option is A
The correct answer is (a) Atlantic Declaration
Explanation:
· The Atlantic Charter (or Declaration), a joint statement from August 1941 by Winston Churchill and US President Franklin D. Roosevelt, outlined a vision for the post-war world, including the principle of self-determination for all peoples.
· However, Churchill explicitly declared in a speech a month later, in September 1941, that this principle applied only to European nations under German occupation and not to the countries within the British Empire, such as India.
· This denial highlighted a key point of contention between the US and the UK during the war and led Indian nationalist leaders, like Mahatma Gandhi, to criticize the declaration as hollow.
Information Booster:
· The Atlantic Charter served as a foundational document for the creation of the United Nations and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT).
· India, while a British colony, was one of the 26 Allied nations that pledged support to the principles of the Atlantic Charter by signing the Declaration by United Nations in January 1942.
· The US leadership, including President Roosevelt and his Under Secretary of State Sumner Welles, often pressured Churchill to apply the charter's principles universally, including to India, but Churchill resisted calls for the dismantling of the British Empire.
Additional Knowledge: (b) Bern's Golden Declaration
· This is a medieval manifesto from the mid-13th century related to the town privileges of Bern, Switzerland, making it an Imperial Free City.
· It has no connection to Winston Churchill or Indian history.
(c) Brest Declaration
· The Brest Declaration was signed by several European states (including the UK) in February 2022 at the One Ocean Summit to transform Mercator Ocean International into an intergovernmental body for ocean data.
· It is a modern declaration unrelated to the World War II era or Churchill's time.
(d) Pongan Declaration
· Information about a historical Pongan Declaration relevant to this context is not available in search results, suggesting it might be a fabricated option.