Correct option is C
The correct answer is (c) Nilabati Behera vs. State of Orissa
Explanation:
. In the Nilabati Behera vs. State of Orissa (1993) case, the Supreme Court focused on custodial deaths and the violation of fundamental rights.
. The Court stated that the government has a special duty towards those who are involuntarily in state custody. . It emphasized that it is the responsibility of police or jail authorities to ensure that citizens in custody are not deprived of their Right to Life (Article 21).
. This landmark judgment evolved the principle of compensatory jurisprudence for the violation of fundamental rights. . The court clarified that "sovereign immunity" does not apply in cases of violation of fundamental rights by the state.
Information Booster:
. Article 21 of the Constitution of India guarantees that no person shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty except according to procedure established by law.
. The DK Basu vs. State of West Bengal case is another landmark judgment that laid down specific guidelines for arrest and detention to prevent custodial torture.
Additional Knowledge:
K.M. Nanavati vs. State of Maharashtra (Option a)
. This was a famous 1959 case involving a Naval Commander; it was the last case in India to be tried by a jury.
. It dealt with the definition of "grave and sudden provocation" under the Indian Penal Code.
Golaknath vs. State of Punjab (Option b)
. A landmark 1967 case where the SC ruled that Parliament cannot curtail any of the Fundamental Rights in the Constitution.
. It was later overruled by the Kesavananda Bharati judgment in 1973.
Champakam Dorairajan vs. State of Madras (Option d)
. A 1951 case that led to the First Amendment of the Indian Constitution.
. It concerned reservations in educational institutions and the conflict between Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles.
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