Which body approves GM crops in India?

Correct option is B

Option (a): Incorrect
• BIS (Bureau of Indian Standards) is for product standards and quality certification, not GMO approvals.
Option (b): Correct
• GEAC (Genetic Engineering Approval Committee) under the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change is the primary statutory body that evaluates and approves genetically modified crops and organisms for environmental release and use in India before any food or feed use.
Option (c): Incorrect
• FSSAI regulates food safety including GM foods in the food supply, but it does not independently approve GM crops for cultivation; GEAC’s clearance is required first.
Option (d): Incorrect
• ICAR (Indian Council of Agricultural Research) conducts agricultural research but does not have statutory authority to approve GM crops; approvals come from GEAC.