What is the unit of Heredity?

Correct option is B

A gene is the fundamental unit of heredity. It is a segment of DNA that carries genetic information essential for the development, functioning, and reproduction of living organisms. Genes determine traits by directing the synthesis of proteins. Chromosomes are structures composed of DNA and proteins that house genes, while a fertilized cell (zygote) is the result of fertilization and contains the complete genetic material but is not the unit of heredity itself.
Information Booster
1. Genes carry instructions for inherited traits.
2. Humans have approximately 20,000-25,000 genes.
3. Genes are located on chromosomes in the cell nucleus.
4. Mutations in genes can lead to genetic disorders.
5. DNA replication ensures genetic information is passed to offspring.
Additional Knowledge
• Chromosome (a): A structure made of DNA and proteins, chromosomes carry multiple genes but are not the individual units of heredity.
• Fertilized cell (c): The zygote formed by the union of sperm and egg carries a complete set of chromosomes but is not the unit of heredity.
• Zygote (d): A single-cell organism formed post-fertilization; it represents the starting point of a new organism but encompasses many hereditary units.