What is the purpose of a retention enema?

Correct option is B

A retention enema is designed to introduce medication or oil into the rectum and is held for a prolonged period to soften hardened stool and promote gentle peristalsis. It is especially useful in managing constipation where stool is impacted. Unlike cleansing enemas, the primary goal is not to evacuate the bowel immediately, but to lubricate and prepare for natural or assisted evacuation later.
Explanation of options: (a) To empty the bowel – This is typically the goal of a cleansing enema, not a retention enema. Retention enemas work more gradually and are held for longer to aid softening of the stool rather than immediate evacuation. (b) To soften the hardened faeces and gently stimulate the peristalsis – This is the correct answer. Retention enemas often contain oil or medicated solutions that help loosen hard stool and trigger mild bowel movement reflexes, making defecation easier. (c) To relieve distension caused by flatus – This describes the purpose of a carminative enema, which is used specifically to expel gas from the intestines. It’s different from a retention enema. (d) To reduce bowel action – Enemas are not typically used to reduce bowel activity. On the contrary, they either stimulate bowel movement or provide therapeutic agents, so this is incorrect.