Vertical movement of air and heat from earth surface to the atmosphere is:

Correct option is A

Correct option: (a) Convection
Explanation (why a is correct):
· Convection is the process by which:
· Warm air near the earth’s surface rises upward.
· Heat is transferred vertically through bulk movement of air.
· It plays a major role in:
· Cloud formation
· Thunderstorms
· Atmospheric circulation
❌ Why other options are incorrect
· (b) Conduction
· Heat transfer through direct contact, dominant near the surface only.
· (c) Advection
· Horizontal movement of air (e.g., wind).
· (d) Sublimation
· Phase change of a substance from solid directly to gas.
�� Key Points
· Conduction → surface contact heat transfer
· Convection → vertical heat & air movement
· Advection → horizontal air movement
· Sublimation → solid → gas transition