Type 2nd error is denoted by?

Correct option is A

· In hypothesis testing, errors are classified into two types:
· Type I error (α): Rejecting a true null hypothesis.
· Type II error (β): Failing to reject a false null hypothesis.
· Beta (β) denotes the probability of making a Type II error.
· A lower β indicates a more powerful test.
· Controlling both α and β is crucial for statistical reliability.