Two flanges are connected by a single bolt of nominal diameter 10 mm and is preloaded to a torque of 30 Nm. An external tensile load of 10,000 N is applied to the joint. The torque coefficient is 0.15 and joint stiffness constant is 0.2. The maximum tension in the bolt is

Correct option is C

​$$\text{Nominal diameter (d): } 10\, \text{mm} \\\text{Preload torque (T): } 30\, \text{Nm} \\\text{External tensile load (P): } 10,000\, \text{N} \\\text{Torque coefficient (K): } 0.15 \\\text{Joint stiffness constant (C): } 0.2 \\\\\textbf{Calculate Preload Force } (F_0) \\\text{The preload force is derived from the torque equation:} \\T = K \cdot F_0 \cdot d \\\text{Rearrange to solve for } F_0: \\F_0 = \frac{T}{K \cdot d} = \frac{30}{0.15 \times 10 \times 10^{-3}} = \frac{30}{0.0015} = 20,000\, \text{N} \\\\\textbf{Determine Load Sharing Due to External Force (P)} \\\text{The bolt carries only a portion of the external load due to joint stiffness:} \\\text{Bolt load increase} = C \cdot P = 0.2 \times 10,000 = 2,000\, \text{N} \\\\\textbf{Calculate Maximum Tension in Bolt } (F_{\text{max}}) \\\text{The total maximum tension is the sum of the preload and the bolt's share of the external load:} \\F_{\text{max}} = F_0 + C \cdot P = 20,000 + 2,000 = \boxed{22,000\, \text{N}}$$​​