Transductive reasoning:

Correct option is C

Transductive reasoning is a type of thinking commonly observed in young children as part of their cognitive development. This form of reasoning proceeds from particular to particular; it involves making inferences from one specific observation or instance to another without necessarily applying a general rule. Transductive reasoning does not involve abstract generalizations but rather direct connections between two specific instances. For example, if a child sees that their pet dog has four legs and then concludes that all animals with four legs are dogs, they are using transductive reasoning.
Information Booster:
(a) Proceeds from general to particular: This is characteristic of deductive reasoning, where one starts from a general statement or rule and applies it to specific instances.
(b) Proceeds from particular to general: This describes inductive reasoning, where observations of specific instances are used to formulate a general rule or hypothesis.
(d) Proceeds from primitive to modern: This option does not describe any recognized form of reasoning in the context of cognitive development or logical processes.