​The upward and downward growth of shoots and roots, respectively, in response to the pull of earth or gravity is called:​

Correct option is D

The correct answer is (D) Geotropism.

Explanation:

• Geotropism refers to the growth of plant parts in response to gravity. Shoots grow upward (negative geotropism) and roots grow downward (positive geotropism).

Incorrect Options Explanations:

• Phototropism: Growth in response to light, not gravity.
• Hydrotropism: Growth in response to water.
•  Chemotropism: Growth in response to chemicals.

Information Booster:

• Geotropism helps plants orient their growth to maximize exposure to sunlight and absorb water and nutrients from the soil.
• It is regulated by plant hormones called auxins.