The theory of transfer of learning by Thorndike is called

Correct option is B

Processes of learning and the transfer of learning are central to understanding how people develop important skills. Different transfer theories have been proposed to explain how and why transfer takes place. Thorndike and his colleagues were among the first to use transfer takes place. Thorndike and his colleagues were among the first to use transfer tests to examine assumptions about learning (e.g., Thorndike and Woodworth, 1901).
The Identical-elements Theory of Thorndike (Transfer of Learning):
 It occur when a previously learnt skill affects the relearning or acquisition of another skill. Thus, it is closely associated with forgetting and loss of a previously learnt skill.
 A positive transfer is when a new task is learnt quickly as a result of earlier training on another task whereas a negative transfer is when acquiring a new task is hindered by an earlier acquired skill.
 The identical-elements theory of Thorndike helps in explaining this phenomenon of the transfer.
 They claimed that the transfer of learning from one task to another task would occur when both task shared some kind of common or identical elements. i.e., the greater the number of common elements, the greater the amounts of the transfer.
 Thorndike’s theory of transfer is sometimes referred to as the theory of identical elements.