Correct option is C
Section 39 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860 defines the term 'voluntarily'. According to this section, a person is said to cause an effect "voluntarily" when he causes it by means whereby he intended to cause it, or by means which, at the time of employing those means, he knew or had reason to believe to be likely to cause it.
Information Booster:
1. Section 39: Provides a clear definition of the term 'voluntarily', emphasizing the intention and knowledge of the person causing the effect.
2. Intention and Knowledge: The key elements of the definition are the intent to cause the effect or the knowledge that the effect is likely to be caused.
3. Legal Clarity: Helps in distinguishing voluntary actions from involuntary ones in legal proceedings.
4. Application in Law: Crucial for determining liability and culpability in criminal cases.
5. Judicial Interpretation: Courts interpret 'voluntarily' in the context of the accused's mindset and circumstances of the action.
6. Example: If a person lights a fire knowing it is likely to spread and cause damage, the effect is caused voluntarily.
Additional Information:
· Section 30 (a): Defines the term 'valuable security' and is not related to the definition of 'voluntarily'.
· Section 24 (b): Defines 'dishonestly', which involves wrongful gain or wrongful loss but does not define 'voluntarily'.
· Section 25 (d): Defines 'fraudulently', which involves deceit or trickery, not 'voluntarily'.
