The shift beyond nation-state-based thinking towards analysing the human world as a single community is known as:

Correct option is A

 Cosmopolitanism

Cosmopolitanism refers to the idea that all human beings, regardless of their national affiliations, belong to a single global community. It advocates for the idea of shared global responsibilities, transcending national borders, and thinking beyond state-centered frameworks. This concept is especially relevant in the context of globalization, where social, cultural, and economic activities are increasingly interconnected across borders.