The property of the material that represents maximum amount of strain energy that it can absorb before it fractures under load is called:

Correct option is B

​$$\begin{aligned}&\textbf{Definition:} \\&\quad \text{Toughness is the total energy per unit volume absorbed by a material up to fracture,} \\&\quad \text{calculated as the area under the stress-strain curve.} \\&\quad \text{Units: } \text{J/m}^3 \text{ or MPa.} \\[1em]&\textbf{Mechanical Behavior:} \\&\quad \bullet\ \text{Combines } \textbf{strength} \text{ (resistance to deformation)} \\&\quad \quad \text{and } \textbf{ductility} \text{ (ability to deform plastically).} \\&\quad \text{A material with high toughness can withstand impact/load without catastrophic failure.} \\[1em]&\textbf{Comparison with Other Properties:} \\&\quad \bullet\ \textbf{Strength:} \text{ Maximum stress before failure (no energy consideration).} \\&\quad \bullet\ \textbf{Resilience:} \text{ Energy absorbed \textit{elastically} (before yielding).} \\&\quad \bullet\ \textbf{Hardness:} \text{ Resistance to surface deformation.} \\[1em]&\textbf{Measurement:} \\&\quad \bullet\ \textbf{Impact tests} \text{ (e.g., Charpy, Izod) quantify toughness under sudden loads.} \\&\quad \bullet\ \text{For static loading, integrate the stress-strain curve to fracture.} \\[1em]&\textbf{Example:} \\&\quad \textbf{Glass:} \text{ High strength but low toughness (brittle, small area under curve).} \\&\quad \textbf{Rubber:} \text{ Low strength but high toughness (large area due to ductility).}\end{aligned}$$​​