The process of fermentation involves the conversion of sugars into which of the following compounds?

Correct option is D

• Fermentation is a biological process carried out by microorganisms like yeast, in which glucose (sugar) is converted into ethanol (alcohol) and carbon dioxide in the absence of oxygen (anaerobic conditions).
• This is a form of anaerobic respiration and is commonly used in the brewing and baking industries. 

​$$\text{C}_6\text{H}_{12}\text{O}_6 \ \xrightarrow{\text{Yeast}} \ 2\text{C}_2\text{H}_5\text{OH} + 2\text{CO}_2 ​$$​​

This process is also exothermic, releasing a small amount of energy.

• Fermentation is widely used in the production of alcoholic beverages, such as wine and beer.
  
• It is also used in bread making; the CO₂ released helps the dough to rise.
• Louis Pasteur was the scientist who discovered the process of fermentation.
• Ethanol produced by fermentation is also called bio-ethanol, used as a biofuel.
  

• Ethene – Formed by dehydration of ethanol.
•  Ethanoic acid – Formed by oxidation of ethanol.
• Methane – A biogas component, formed by decomposition of organic matter.