The position of earth in its orbit when it is at its greatest distance from the Sun is called:

Correct option is A

The position of Earth in its orbit when it is at its greatest distance from the Sun is called (A). Aphelion.

The terms "perigee" and "apogee" are used to describe the closest and farthest points from Earth for objects orbiting the Earth, such as the Moon or satellites.

• Aphelion: The point in the Earth's orbit where it is farthest from the Sun.The aphelion is the point in Earth's orbit when it is at its greatest distance from the Sun. This occurs around July 4 each year, when Earth is about 152 million kilometers away from the Sun.​
• Perihelion: The point in the Earth's orbit where it is closest to the Sun.
  
• ​Apogee is the point in the Moon's orbit when it is farthest from Earth, similar to perigee but in the context of Earth's satellite.
• ​Perigee: The term perigee refers to the point in the Moon's orbit (or any satellite's orbit) when it is closest to Earth, not related to Earth's distance from the Sun.​