The philosophy which entails learning through effort by engaging in projects and experiments is called:

Correct option is A

Pragmatism emphasizes experiential learning through practical activities, projects, and experimentation. It believes that knowledge is best acquired through active engagement with real-life situations and promotes problem-solving and critical thinking.
Explanation of options: (a) Pragmatism – ✔ Correct. Pragmatism promotes hands-on learning and the idea that knowledge comes from active experience. (b) Naturalism – ❌ Focuses on learning through natural development and observation rather than structured projects or experiments. (c) Idealism – ❌ Emphasizes ideas and mind over matter, often advocating for theoretical rather than practical knowledge. (d) Realism – ❌ Focuses on objective reality and factual knowledge, not necessarily learning through experimentation or projects.