The major factors controlling the leaching loss of nitrate are:

Correct option is D

Leaching refers to the process by which soluble substances like nitrates are washed away from the soil by the movement of water. The primary factors controlling this process include the concentration of nitrate in the soil profile (more nitrate leads to greater leaching), the quantity of water passing through the soil (more water leads to more leaching), and the water-holding capacity of the soil (soils with low water-holding capacity allow water to move through more easily, leading to higher leaching).