The line "Class domination can never be purely ‘economic’, or purely ‘cultural’ “is said by -

Correct option is C

The statement "Class domination can never be purely ‘economic’, or purely ‘cultural’" was made by Ralph Miliband, a British Marxist political theorist known for his critique of the state and class power in capitalist societies.
Miliband argued that class domination is a combination of economic, political, and ideological factors, rejecting the idea that class power can be reduced to only economic control (as traditional Marxism suggests) or only cultural influence (as some Neo-Marxist thinkers argue).

Miliband’s Key Contributions:
State and Class Power – In The State in Capitalist Society (1969), he argued that the state serves the interests of the capitalist class, even in democratic societies.
Rejection of Economic Reductionism – While influenced by Marxist thought, he believed that economic power alone does not explain class domination—political institutions, cultural influence, and ideological control are equally important.
Debate with Nicos Poulantzas – Miliband debated with Poulantzas, a structural Marxist, on whether the state is directly controlled by capitalists or structured to serve capitalist interests indirectly.

Information booster:-

Option (a) - Karl Marx 
Marx argued that class domination is primarily economic, as the ruling class (bourgeoisie) controls the means of production.
His theory, known as historical materialism, focuses on economic structures shaping society, unlike Miliband’s broader approach

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Option (b) - A.R. Desai 
A.R. Desai was an Indian sociologist who analyzed class and state power in India from a Marxist perspective.
His work Social Background of Indian Nationalism (1948) explains how colonial rule shaped class structures in India, but he did not make this specific statement.

Option (d) - G.S. Ghurye 
G.S. Ghurye was a sociologist specializing in caste, ethnicity, and Indian society, but he did not focus on class domination from a Marxist perspective.
His work was more influenced by Indological and structural-functional perspectives rather than Marxist political theory.