​The Harappan site of Indus Valley Civilization was excavated by________.

Site

Present Location

Key Discoveries & Features

Harappa

Punjab, Pakistan (Ravi River)

– Discovered by Daya Ram Sahni (1920)
– Divided into citadel & lower town
– Great Granary
– Baked brick drainage system
– Wheel-made pottery
– Evidence of coffin burial

Mohenjo-Daro

Sindh, Pakistan (Indus River)

– UNESCO World Heritage Site
– Great Bath & Great Granary
– Bearded Man sculpture
– Bronze Dancing Girl
– Pashupati seal
– Full burial evidence

Rakhigarhi

Hisar, Haryana (Sarasvati River)

– Largest IVC site in India
– DNA reveals a distinct origin
– Enclosed mud-brick townships
– Efficient drainage
– Seal with alligator symbol

Dholavira

Great Rann of Kutch, Gujarat

– UNESCO World Heritage Site (2021)
– Citadel, middle town & lower town
– Water reservoirs (Jala Durga/Water Fort)
– Special burials
– Stone-built structures

Lothal

Gulf of Khambhat, Gujarat

– Only port town of IVC
– Upper and lower town layout
– Dockyard & bead factory
– Fire worship
– Coffin burials
– Early rice evidence

Kalibangan

Rajasthan (Ghaggar River)

– Three mounds
– Fire altars & earliest ploughed field
– Artificial irrigation system
– Evidence of social stratification through burial types
– Trade pottery from Mesopotamia