​The following are certain statements regarding the photorespiration pathway in plants:​

​A. The first two-carbon (2C) compound synthesized by the action of Rubisco in the chloroplast is glycolate.
B. Glycolate exits the chloroplast and enters peroxisomes.
C. Glycolate that is synthesized during C₂ cycle enters the chloroplast from mitochondria.
D. Glycine is transported from peroxisomes to mitochondria.​

​Which one of the following combinations is INCORRECT?​​

The following statements are made with respect to signal transduction events in phytohormone signalling in plants:
A. Autophosphorylation of a histidine residue in the receiver domain of the response regulator is important for signal transduction through the two-component system.
B. Phosphorylation of a conserved aspartate residue in the transmitter domain of the histidine kinase is important for the two-component system.
C. CYTOKININ RESPONSE 1 (CRE1), a cytokinin receptor, functions as an Arabidopsis histidine-containing phosphotransfer (AHP) factor.
D. In Arabidopsis, pseudo-AHP, called AHP6, acts as an inhibitor of cytokinin signalling.
E. ETR1, an ethylene receptor in Arabidopsis, has histidine kinase activity and a receiver domain.
Which one of the following options is a combination of all correct statements?

Given below are a few statements regarding aquaporin-mediated water transport in plants.
A. The activity of aquaporins is regulated by altered pH and Ca²⁺ concentration as well as phosphorylation.
B. Aquaporin activity is also regulated by reactive oxygen species.
C. Aquaporins are restricted only to epidermis and endodermal cells and not present in xylem parenchyma.
D. Aquaporins do not mediate influx of boric acid and salicylic acid into cytosol.
Which one of the following options represents the combination of all correct statements?

The following statements are made regarding phenolic biosynthesis in plants.
A. The lignans and flavonoids have abundant methylated carboxyl groups, compared to methylated hydroxyl groups.
B. Cells producing lignans and flavonoids have a very high demand for S-adenosylmethionine.
C. The majority of methylation reactions involved in the formation of phenolics are catalyzed by O-methyltransferases.
D. The catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) has strict substrate specificity.
Which one of the following options represents the combination of all correct statements?

Following statements are made regarding abscisic acid (ABA) signalling during water stress in plants.
A. ABA causes membrane depolarization by decreasing cytosolic calcium levels.
B. ABA causes alkalinisation of the cytosol which stimulates opening of K⁺ efflux channels.
C. ABA inhibits the activity of the plasma membrane H⁺-ATPase which results in membrane depolarization.
D. During stomatal closure, ABA induces reorganization of tubulin cytoskeleton mediated by Rho GTPases.
E. ABA-induced membrane depolarization occurs by release of calcium from endoplasmic reticulum and vacuoles.
Which one of the following options is a combination of all correct statements?

The following statements are made regarding photosynthesis in a mutant maize (C₄ plant) that lacks functional bundle sheath chloroplasts:
A. Photorespiration would remain low due to PEP carboxylase activity.
B. Calvin cycle would be severely compromised, reducing sugar production.
C. Carbon fixation would shift entirely to mesophyll cells without yield penalty.
D. CO₂ concentration around Rubisco would increase dramatically.
Which one of the following options is a combination of all INCORRECT statements?

The following statements are made regarding the functioning of phytochromes A and B in plants during light signalling.
A. Phytochrome B (PhyB) lacks nuclear localization signal (NLS) and after perceiving light, it takes hours for nuclear import.
B. Phytochrome A (PhyA) contains NLS and its nuclear import occurs rapidly.
C. Pfr form of PhyA depends on FAR-RED ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 1 (FHY1) and its homolog FHL for nuclear import.
D. Pfr form of PhyB depends on FHY1 and its homolog FHL for nuclear import.
Which one of the following options represents all correct statement(s)?

Which one of the following light treatments (L, light; D, dark) promotes flowering in short-day plants?

Which one of the following events are likely to result in  delayed or defective cytokinesis?

Choose the  INCORRECT statement regarding the synthesis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon pathogen infection in plants.

A C₃ plant is shifted from 25 °C to 40 °C under full sunlight. Which one of the following is most likely to happen?