The effects of aspirin do not include:

Correct option is D

Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with multiple pharmacological effects due to its irreversible inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2) enzymes, which reduces prostaglandin and thromboxane synthesis.

Common Effects of Aspirin:

• Antipyretic (reduces fever) – by acting on the hypothalamus
• Anti-inflammatory – by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis in inflamed tissues
• Analgesic – relieves pain
• Antiplatelet – inhibits thromboxane A₂, reducing platelet aggregation

Important Note:

Aspirin increases bleeding tendency, not reduces it, due to:

• Inhibition of platelet aggregation
• Prolongation of bleeding time

Thus, the effect NOT included among aspirin’s actions is:
Reduction of bleeding tendency

Explanation of Each Option:

• (a) Reduction of fever – ️
  Aspirin acts on the hypothalamic heat-regulating center, reducing fever (antipyretic effect).
• (b) Reduction of prostaglandin synthesis in inflamed tissues – ️
  It inhibits COX enzymes, thereby reducing prostaglandins, which mediate inflammation.
• (c) Auto of kidney function – ️ (likely meant as "alteration" of kidney function)
  Aspirin can alter renal function, especially in high doses or in patients with pre-existing kidney disease.
• (d) Reduction of bleeding tendency –
  Incorrect. Aspirin increases the risk of bleeding by inhibiting platelet aggregation, not reducing it.