Correct option is B
Effective Length of a Column: The effective length is a conceptual length used to account for the boundary conditions at the ends of the column. It is used in calculating the buckling load of a column using Euler's formula. The formula for the critical buckling load is:
Where:
· Pcr = Critical buckling load
· E = Young's modulus
· I = Moment of inertia of the column cross-section
· Leff = Effective length of the column
Boundary Conditions and Effective Length: The effective length factor depends on the type of supports at the ends of the column:
· Both ends hinged (pinned): Leff = L (actual length).
· Both ends fixed: Leff = L/2 (the column behaves as if its length is halved).
· One end fixed, one end free: Leff = 2L (the column behaves as if its length is doubled).
· One end fixed, one end hinged: Leff = L√2.
