The distinction between ‘culture’ and ‘civilization’ can be recognized by distinguishing between ‘material’ and ‘non-material culture’. Who is associated with this?

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Correct option is A

A.Weber

The distinction between "culture" and "civilization," recognized by distinguishing between "material" and "non-material culture," is associated with A. Weber. For a more detailed understanding, consider the following points:
Material Culture:
This encompasses the physical objects produced and used by a society, such as tools, technology, art, and architecture. It represents the tangible aspects of human existence and how societies interact with their environment.
Non-material Culture:
This refers to the intangible aspects of a society, including its values, beliefs, norms, traditions, language, and social institutions. It shapes how people think, behave, and interact with one another.
A. Weber's Contribution:
While the concept of material and non-material culture is broader than any single individual, A. Weber's work likely contributed to the formalization and popularization of this distinction within sociological and anthropological discourse. It's worth noting that other scholars may have also contributed to these ideas.
Culture vs. Civilization:
The distinction between culture and civilization is complex and has been debated by many scholars. However, in the context of material and non-material culture, "civilization" often implies a more advanced stage of societal development characterized by complex technology, urbanization, and social organization (reflected in material culture), while "culture" encompasses the broader range of beliefs and practices (both material and non-material) that define a group of people.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION:
Arnold Toynbee: A historian known for his work on the rise and fall of civilizations, but not primarily associated with the material/non-material culture distinction.
R.M. MacIver: A sociologist who wrote on various aspects of society and government, but not specifically linked to this concept.
Irving Hallowell: An anthropologist known for his work on the Ojibwa people and his contributions to psychological anthropology, but not directly associated with the material/non-material culture framework.