Correct option is A
The Regulating Act of 1773 established the Supreme Court at Calcutta, which was the first British court in India to administer English law. Under this Act, Sir Elijah Impey was appointed as the first Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Judicature at Fort William (Calcutta) in 1774.
Key Facts:
- Sir Elijah Impey was a close friend of Warren Hastings, the first Governor-General of India. He served as Chief Justice from 1774 to 1789.
- The Supreme Court had jurisdiction over British subjects and certain legal matters in Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa. It often conflicted with the executive authority of the Governor-General and the Council.
- Sir Elijah Impey is notably associated with controversial decisions, such as the Nandakumar case, where Nandakumar, an Indian official, was convicted of forgery and executed. The trial raised concerns about the misuse of judicial power.
